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7 Recent data from the BCSP (n=557) demonstrated high levels of piecemeal endoscopic management of malignant polyps where secondary surgical management was subsequently required (16.1%), while almost 80% of NPCPs managed with primary surgery were benign.
We found that initial visual acuity did not predict success of recovery after tap/inject versus vitrectomy and that all patients did well when managed with primary tap/inject, though some required subsequent vitrectomy.
We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify publications dealing with functional, cosmetic and radiological outcomes in patients with totally displaced SCHFs managed with primary open reduction in comparison to primary closed reduction.
No consensus exists whether patients can be managed with primary surgical repair when there is a significant delay in presentation or diagnosis, although a study carried out in a more heterogeneous group of patients with oesophageal ruptures could not demonstrate a relation between mortality risk and delay in presentation [[15]].
Of 69 femoral head fractures, 62 (89%) with follow up equal or greater than 6 months had uncomplicated outcomes (Table 2): 42 (60%) patients in this group were managed with ORIF, 18 (26%) were treated with fragment excision, 8 patients were treated non-operatively and 1 patient was managed with primary hemiarthroplasty.
When concerning metastatic CRC, several studies have shown a significant improvement in survival when comparing patients managed with primary tumor resection to those managed with chemotherapy alone [ 31, 37- 39], but in fact elderly patients are less likely to receive palliative surgery.
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While none of the newspapers are privately owned or completely independent, many are managed with the primary goal of being profitable.
Depending on the region, the most frequent habitats managed with the primary aim of agricultural production were winter or summer-sown non-entomophilic crop fields, fertile grasslands, vineyards or olive groves (Supplementary Table 2).
14 Outcomes in infants with simple gastroschisis initially managed with operative primary fascial closure or preformed silo placement were also compared with Fisher's exact test, χ test, and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate for non-parametric data.
Fourteen (37%) Trusts had formally agreed, shared-care guidelines for patients managed concurrently with primary care, and 5 (13%) had electronic systems shared Trust-wide between primary and secondary care.
Similarly, fever can be managed with antipyretics, though the primary purpose for intervening when a child has a fever is to increase the child's comfort and therefore care needs to be individualised, based on current knowledge of the effectiveness and risks of interventions [ 47].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com