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The managed realignment of coastal defences and subsequent creation of intertidal habitats is one of several 'soft' engineering options that could reduce the costs of maintaining embankments and at the same time deliver environmental benefits.
The creation of saltmarsh through the managed realignment of sea defences, implemented in NW Europe as a sustainable coastal defence option, represents a substantial hydrodynamic perturbation to the local coastal system.
One particularly illustrative example may be the managed realignment of dikes as a measure to (1) increase the storage capacity of floodwater, which (2) reduces the bed shear stress and the risk of erosion of contaminated sediments while at the same time (3) increasing the structural diversity of the river ecosystem.
Public attitude toward issues such as managed realignment of coastlines and food security might also constrain future adaptation.
Besides freshwater habitat creation, there are a number of coastal sites in East Anglia where inter-tidal habitat is being created through managed realignment of coastlines to off-set losses at other sites.
As a result of the analysis, managed realignment of the coastline was identified as the most appropriate option for extending the life of the freshwater reedbed at the site.
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There are also several coastal sites where inter-tidal habitat is being created through managed realignment to off-set that is being lost at other sites (Ausden 2013).
As noted above, managers of many coastal sites in particular mentioned that public opinion was an important factor to consider in the management of coastal flooding, as there could be resistance to managed realignment and abandonment of sea defenses if people felt that they would no longer be protected from coastal flooding.
The results demonstrated that many variables influence public perceptions of managed realignment, including personal experience, lack of information and media influence.
Medmerry is one of a number of managed realignment projects that the Environment Agency are involved in.
This study highlights the physical processes affected by managed realignment, and the importance of understanding the causes of complex water surface slopes at multiple scales.
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