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Heliponds and ditches were important sources of open water and insect prey for bats in the managed pine forest landscape.
Although >12 million ha of southeastern United States are intensively managed pine forest, we have little understanding of biological contributions of aquatic systems embedded in pine plantations.
Although the southeastern United States has >12 million ha of intensively managed pine forest, we have a poor understanding of how aquatic systems embedded in managed landscapes contribute to biodiversity.
Therefore, stand-level management activities that decrease vegetation structure, such as thinning intermediate-aged stands and/or controlling midstory vegetation (e.g., fire or herbicide applications), likely will maintain or increase suitability of managed pine forest stands and landscapes for many bat species in the southeastern Coastal Plain.
Contrary to our prediction, we did not find evidence of a positive response (95% credible intervals included 0) by the community or individual species to time since ditch maintenance or the forest or wetland covariates, but we did observe a diverse assemblage of frogs and toads associated with roadside ditches in managed pine forest.
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Intensively managed pine forests in the southeastern U.S. now cover approximately 15.8 million ha.
Our study suggests that narrow (≤20 m wide) SMZs in managed pine forests tend to have higher small mammal abundance and species richness than wider SMZs.
Intensively managed pine forests, which comprise 19% of forests in the southeastern U.S., can emulate historical open pine conditions, providing appropriate vegetation structure and composition for many endemic species.
However, presence of species with high conservation value and availability of early successional habitat conditions emphasized conservation potential of intensively managed pine forests for birds and justify further experimental investigation of bird community responses to stand-establishment treatments.
Therefore, compelling evidence exists that the pure stands of managed pine forests in western and southern Alabama have been attributed as being the major barrier to the spread of the raccoon enzootic further west into Mississippi.
The results indicate that LAI can be predicted over a range of intensively managed pine plantation forest environments accurately when using different LiDAR sensor designs.
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