The vast majority of shareholders are either small retail investors, or huge pension funds, mutual funds and insurance firms that manage diversified holdings through investment managers and those managers face conflicts of interest, for they live off mandates from companies to manage corporate pension funds and provide insurance.
Since the inception of the first index mutual fund in 1975, indexing investing in passively managed, broadly diversified, low-cost, stock and bond index funds–has proved to be both a remarkable artistic success and a remarkable commercial success.
Unlike a lot of other creative artforms, poetry has managed to diversify itself from the inside – up to a point.
The company never managed to diversify past his signature bulbous forms and gilded Moorish and Japanese patterns, and it closed soon after he retired in 1890.
Expansion driven by fluctuating prices of primary commodities "cannot guarantee sustainable growth in an increasingly open, globalised economy", it says, noting that even those countries that have managed to diversify into low-skill manufactures face increasingly fierce global competition.
After decades of struggle, and despite continued challenges like poverty and conflict, a middle class is forming in several large countries that have managed to diversify their economies away from basic commodities and move toward modernization.
At this point, as the chart above makes clear, Pittsburgh is showing a lot of resilience; it seems to have managed to diversify its economy, and in fact is more than matching national employment performance.
The company has managed to diversify its revenue, too.
Indeed, only the better-endowed households that have also managed to diversify into more lucrative farm and non-farm activities are likely to be able to participate in and thus benefit from improved crop fallow systems that capture carbon.
