Tommy had an art school education at Goldsmiths, University of London, and managed coffee bars and sold American cars.
Overall diversity in managed coffee agroforests was intermediate between the intensively managed and more natural habitats.
However, the three most abundant taxa of arthropods (ants, spiders, and beetles) had the highest number of species in managed coffee agroforests, while ant abundance was highest in abandoned coffee agroforests and spider abundance highest in managed coffee agroforests.
Analyses of community similarity revealed that open (pasture, and rice) and shaded (forest, abandoned and managed coffee agroforests) land-use types had distinct arthropod communities.
Although species richness of adult trees was similar in the three habitats, species richness of saplings and seedlings was much higher in forest and abandoned coffee than in managed coffee sites.
However, in spite of their relatively low species richness, managed coffee sites are an important refuge for tree species common to the almost disappeared mature forest in the area.
Richness of forest bats was the same across all land-use types; in contrast, species richness of open-space bats increased in low shade, intensively managed coffee plantations.
Based on patterns observed for phyllostomid bats [25], we also expected to see the strongest responses in the most intensively managed coffee (i.e., plantations with monocultures of introduced shade trees).
In contrast, bats adapted to foraging in low-clutter space (i.e., medium- and high-management coffee) demonstrated higher species richness and significantly higher pass rates in more intensively managed coffee plantations; however, open-space bats showed no differences in ensemble structure and feeding rates across the intensification gradient.
