Exact(5)
Mammary density is the strongest risk factor for non-familial breast cancer among women, apart from older age.
Interestingly, mammary density did not change markedly between 35 and 63 DOA, perhaps due to the limitations in determining total breast volume as mentioned in the Introduction section.
It is not known whether mammary gland density is a risk factor in mice because a suitable mouse model in which to study mammary density is currently lacking.
Intriguingly, goserelin significantly decreased the mammographic BD in patients carrying a BRCA1 mutation, suggesting that goserelin may repress breast cancer recurrence by reducing mammary density.
Various authors have postulated that the reduction in MD with age and menopause reflects the process of involution of mammary tissue [ 19– 21], and have even gone so far as to show an inverse association between mammary density percentage and the process of involution [ 19].
Similar(55)
In contrast, we observed a significant relationship between plasma IGF-I concentration and mammary gland density (R = 0.362, P < 0.005; Figure 1(c)) [ 18].
These findings suggest that elevated oestrogen levels in utero may have led to increased mammary epithelial density seen in rats exposed to alcohol in utero, and the increased density in turn increased the risk of developing mammary tumours.
For example, the difference in mammary epithelial density exhibited by E2 treated ACI and BN rat may be analogous to variation in breast mammographic density in humans, which is known to be modified by estrogens as well as other hormonal, genetic and environmental factors and has been strongly associated with breast cancer risk.
In a large, 6-month, clinical study in early postmenopausal women, BNO 1055 did not affect mammary gland density, as determined by mammography, or endometrial thickness [28].
However, neither cytokine was predictive of mammary gland density.
When the percent mammary gland density was computed, it was reduced by 41.7% (56.3 vs 32.8, p < 0.001).
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