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A few malignant transformations were reported in familial schwannomatosis [9].
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The most frequent malignant transformations are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma and pure sarcoma.
Malignant transformations are the result of an accumulation of carcinogenesis steps corresponding to activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes (Bishop, 1991).
The incidence rates of malignant transformation were 33.33% and 5.27% for CHM and PHM cases, respectively.
In our institute, all of the patients with HCAs with malignant transformation were males.
HCAs with malignant transformation were observed in 5 male patients with non-cirrhotic livers, but not in female patients.
Only 4.4% of the cases of malignant transformation were reported in tumors smaller than 5 cm in diameter [ 11].
The histological grades of HCC in the 5 cases of HCAs with malignant transformation were well differentiated.
In the past decade, molecular and genetic changes that cause malignant transformation were identified and these abnormalities can be targets for anticancer treatment.
In this study, HCAs with malignant transformation were observed in 5 male patients with non-cirrhotic livers but in none of the female patients.
The diameters of the tumors with malignant transformation were larger than 5 cm in 3 cases and smaller than 5 cm in 2 cases.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com