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The unstable biological pathway will inevitably lead to the malfunction of cells or even death of the living organism.
Dynamical properties are considered to be pivotal in determining cellular functions such as apoptosis, cell division, proliferation, etc. [ 34], and it follows that differential dynamical properties can serve as important indicators for discovering the role of specific biological processes in causing the malfunction of cells.
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Malfunction of cell-death genes is a hallmark of a number of diseases.
In contrast, compared with effector T cells alone, CD19 + CD24hiCD38hi Breg cells from pSS patients did not show effects of suppressing proinflammatory cytokines by CD4 + CD25- effector T cells.Next, we evaluated whether Teff cells from pSS patients were resistant to the suppressive effect of Breg cells or whether there was malfunction of Breg cells.
In addition to immune cells, marked activation of epithelial cells was another important characteristics of allergic diseases and substantial evidence has demonstrated that epithelial cells are able to mediate and regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses [12], indicating that malfunction of epithelia cells is involved in the initial cause of allergic diseases.
Cumulus cells play a major role in the control of oocyte metabolism and, therefore, it is likely that malfunction of these cells might play a role in PCOS.
We postulate to consider cancer as a malfunction of the cells regulatory unit, and use control engineering and systems theory approaches to describe that malfunction.
Most childhood ALL involves a malfunction of B cells, the scouts of the immune system that patrol the bloodstream looking for intruders like viruses and bacteria; they make antibodies that help fight infections.
Renal impairment may be involved in the malfunction of these cells.
DFNA1, characterized by a fully penetrant sensorineural hearing loss and malfunction of hair cells in the inner ear, is linked to a mutation in Dia that leads to a small C-terminal truncation., A corresponding auditory dysfunction was observed in Drosophila dia mutants, indicating a conserved function.
Such perspectives can reveal clues into whether cancer cells have (or not) the ability to activate self-destruction signaling mechanisms, and into the strategies evolved by cancer cells to evade apoptosis and respond to cellular signals that indicate a malfunction of the cell proliferation machinery or the presence of physiological stress.
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