Six per cent of exposed infants presented with major malformations compared with 2.6% in the comparison group.
Even higher rates of major malformations compared with those in the control group have been reported from the U.K. (2).
In addition, infants conceived during April-June--the time of herbicide application--had an increased chance of being diagnosed with circulatory/respiratory (excluding heart) malformations compared with births conceived during other months of the year (OR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.09-2.80).
In tadpoles exposed to glyphosate (pure compound) from NF stages 42 46, we did not find increased organ malformations compared with sibling-matched controls (data not shown); this is in contrast with our observations in atrazine-exposed tadpoles.
Strikingly, in contrast to the Tc1 line, trisomy of only the 33 gene-containing region equivalent to the DSCR in the Ts1Rhr line results in no statistically significant increase in cardiac malformations compared with wild-type littermates (Table 1 ).
The result is similar to a study showed that the offspring exposed to prenatal tobacco smoke had no increase in the prevalence of congenital malformations compared with non-exposed offspring in both crude and adjusted analyses [ 19].
Among the infants of the 2,062 women who redeemed a SSRI prescription any time during early pregnancy, 105 (5.1%) infants had congenital malformations compared with a prevalence of 3.5% among the unexposed.
We have been unable to identify other studies that have analysed the risk of spontaneous abortions while accounting for antiepileptic drug dose, but published studies have found that high doses of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations compared with low doses.
(2) Is the existence of a psychiatric disorder or the use of medication for mental disorders prior to ART treatment a risk factor of a poorer outcome of ART treatment (e.g. pregnancy and live birth rates, gestational age, birth weight, congenital malformations) compared with women in ART treatment without psychiatric disorders?
Case mothers had a small excess of malformations (22/555) compared with GP controls (8/555), P < 0.05.
