The main result from these preliminary findings was that the sex determination period to produce males was reduced from 15 (days 15 30) to eight days (days 19 27).
In the fertility study, the mean number of implantations and live fetuses per dam mated with 100 mg genistein exposed males was reduced.
Interestingly, the population of T3.70+ thymocytes in H-Y TCRβ transgenic males was reduced by more than 80%, suggesting that in males a large proportion of the T3.70+ cells were undergoing negative selection.
Further, and consistent with the Dnmt3L isoform data described above, the relative content of DNMT3L in sperm from Dnmt3L heterozygous males was reduced by 28% compared to sperm from wild type males (P = 0.027, n = 3 biological replicates with 2 mice per replicate) (Fig. 6C).
Indeed, fertility of transheterozygous males was reduced most strongly in gpp 72A/Bsc193.
Longevity of males was reduced if the grandfather [ 101] or the father [ 102] was exposed to an excess of food during the SGP.
For the different EMS concentrations tested, it appeared that the average number of males was reduced within the progeny of treated aphids.
These data suggest that this sex chromosome is at an early-to-intermediate evolutionary phase where the degradation of a proto-Y has begun and expression of Y-linked genes in males is reduced.
In addition, testis weight, as a proportion of body weight in 12 month old males, is reduced by rapamycin (25% decline, P = 0.04), but not by DR (11% increase, P = 0.5).
Further studies revealed that, comparing to male healthy controls, the cortex thickness of CD males was reduced in brain regions that include the superior temporal and parietal lobes [ 8]. Results from fMRI research demonstrated abnormal activation in the OFC [ 9– 11], ventromedial PFC [ 12], anterior cingulated cortex [ 13], and amygdala in CD relative to healthy controls.
