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Female responses to males were quantified by the summed rates (events per minute) of the female quivers and participation in T-positions.
More specifically, genetic distances between groups of males were quantified by RST, thereby taking the evolutionary distance between individual Y-STR haplotypes into account [15,16].
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Reproductive success of founder males was quantified by assigning parentage to F2 offspring (distinguished from potential F3 descendants on the basis of their weight, sex and date of capture) and is described in detail elsewhere [ 43].
The amount of TG3, the transglutaminase enzyme necessary for plug formation (Rogers et al. 2009; Le et al. 2013) and Plugin, the major mating plug protein (Rogers et al. 2009) in the accessory glands of 7-day-old virgin males was quantified in the KIL, Mopti strains, in hybrid males as well as in the male progeny of field-caught females.
Time spent with the males was quantified with the partner preference index (PPind) where 1 would indicate a complete preference for a Western male, −1 a complete preference for a Central male and 0 would indicate an absence of preference (see Material and Methods).
Preference of a female for a male was quantified as the proportion of time spent huddling.
Viable progeny and male progeny were quantified when the F1 reached L4 or adult stages (2-3 days post egg laying).
The relative expression levels of Dll mRNAs associated with the two injected conditions (Dll-dsRNA and malE-dsRNA) were quantified and compared using Q-PCR.
Age-specific wages and age and gender specific unemployment rates for the German male and female population were quantified annually in the model based from published sources [10].
DNA adducts were quantified in the kidneys and testes of male newborn mice and in male mice sacrificed 1 month after birth.
Interestingly, higher levels of heparanase were quantified in the plasma of T2DM females compared to males (448±110 and 225±40 for females and males, respectively; Fig. 2B, Table 2).
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