The low RE of pkd-pathway mutant males is attributed to defects in sensory transduction, rather than structure, of the male cilia (Barr and Sternberg 1999; Barr et al. 2001).
There is a possibility that the negative association of alcohol intake to FLD in daily-drinking males is attributed to the design of this study, since the evaluation of amounts of alcohol intake was not quantitatively accurate.
Among species of the Drosophila simulans clade, double mating of females to conspecific and heterospecific males have shown that the majority of progeny is fathered by the conspecific male regardless of the mating order, with the breakdown in competitive success of the heterospecific males being attributed to poor sperm displacement ability (Price et al. 2000, 2001).
This is a significant increase compared with only a decade earlier, 1985, when 19% of male deaths were attributed to tobacco smoking [ 10].
88.3% of the females and 90.8% of the males with multimorbidity were attributed to at least one of the two multimorbidity patterns.
For example, while the HIV prevalence in the cities of Washington and San Francisco both exceeded 2%, and prevalence was high among blacks, Hispanics, and whites, the majority of HIV diagnoses were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact in San Francisco while in Washington the percentage of diagnoses attributed to male-to-male sexual contact and heterosexual contact was about the same.
Overall among all persons diagnosed with HIV, more than 50% of the HIV diagnoses in 2007 were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact in 7 of the 12 MSAs; heterosexual transmission surpassed or equaled male-to-male sexual transmission in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Washington, DC.
Specifically in 2012, in EU/EEA countries almost 40% of new infections were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact.
In the city of Chichigalpa, Nicaragua, 46% of all male deaths from 2002 2012 were attributed to CKD [ 11].
