In contrast, the AMPA/NMDA ratio in males who sang in the presence of a female was clearly increased after males were administered the glucocorticoid antagonist (Figure 3B and 3C; FD with mifepristone: 1.94±0.12, n = 5; FD without mifepristone: 1.02±0.02, p = 0.002, Mann-Whitney rank sum test, n = 5 birds in each experimental group).
Although study eligibility was determined solely on the basis of female responses to eligibility criteria, males were administered a "spurious" eligibility screening, which contained items similar to those of the female eligibility questionnaire.
When mice mated with allogeneic or syngeneic males were administered PC61 on the day of mating, activated CD8+ and CD4+ cell populations were expanded in the lymph nodes draining the uterus and fewer allogeneic fetuses survived to term, whereas no effect on syngeneic pregnancies was observed (Darrasse-Jeze et al., 2006).
Following these data, we ran separate 2 × 2 ANOVA tests within the males and females and found a significant main effect of minocycline treatment in only the males (F1,32 = 6.28, p = 0.0234) such that males that were administered minocycline had significantly lower expression of IL-1β compared to their water-treated controls.
Eighteen young (mean age 21.3) and 18 older (mean age 59.9) right-handed male participants were administered two picture memory tasks in an fMRI environment.
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, male participants were administered either OT (N = 24) or placebo (N = 24), and subsequently performed the imitation-inhibition task.
In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, between-subjects design, 41 healthy male volunteers were administered Arginine Vasopressin (20 IU) or a placebo nasal spray after a 45 min wait period and then completed the recognition task.
To test the hypothesis that increased levels of OT in the brain enhance facial mimicry, 60 healthy male participants were administered, in a double-blind between-subjects design, 24 international units (IUs) of OT or placebo (PLA) through nasal spray.
Sexually experienced Long-Evans male rats were administered either an oxytocin receptor antagonist (L368,899 hydrochloride; 1 mg/kg) or vehicle control into the intraperitoneal cavity 40 min prior to placement into the center chamber of a three-chambered arena designed to assess sexual motivation.
12 healthy, male volunteers were administered IntelliCap® CR capsules, filled with metoprolol as a BCS 1 model drug, and programmed to release the drug with 3 different release profiles (2 linear profiles extending over 6 h and 14 h, respectively, and a pulsed profile with two equal pulses separated by 5 h) using a cross-over design.
After ethical approval, 24 male pigs were administered dabigatran etexilate (30 mg/kg bid p.o). for 3 days.
