Dr Aplin captured two males from each of eight of these areas, to act as her initial experimental subjects.
In the first experiment, samples from 20 males from each species were collected, diluted, and divided into four sample aliquots.
Six blood smears (three females + three males) from each group were prepared and stained using Giemsa stain.
The researchers put males from each group into a tank with females from their own environment or with new acquaintances.
To see if differences in response to vasopressin accounted for the contrast in personality, the researchers took males from each species and paired them with females, which had been neutered to prevent them from leading on the males.
Male pups from control and genistein exposed animals were weaned and allowed to develop until 100 days of age; however, when they were 90 days old, twelve males from each group were cohabited with untreated 90-day old females for 8 days.
In the next generation (F2) 10 males from each of the F1 crosses established were selected in a total of 320 individuals.
Three to five replication vials were set up for each condition, and three females and males from each vial were sampled for the morphological measurement.
Virgin females of punctate (punc/CyO) were crossed with males from each stock of the Chromosome 2 Deficiency Kit from Bloomington.
We used quantitative real-time PCR to measure abundance of mRNA for each of the CF genes in males from each age-experience category.
MCPs were drawn using the geographic location of the males from each haplotype group (groups are named according to the Y-haplotype(s) that define them).
