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The lower variance in male expression of Z-linked genes that are expressed at higher levels in males than in females (uncompensated) is thus not a general feature of male-biased genes in the flycatcher genome.
Stronger transient activation was also observed to male expression of pain (Vs neutral and anger) in high-order visual areas (STS and fusiform face area) and in emotion-related areas including the amygdala (highest peak t-value = 10.8), perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and SI.
The meiotic-specific female expression plus meiosis-preferential male expression of trout boule, and meiosis-preferential bisexual expression of medaka boule, together with the highly conserved bisexual expression of dazl throughout gametogenesis in diverse species, point to differential conservation and divergence of the DAZ family genes in vertebrates.
This observation could reflect social norms around masculinity and femininity in these communities that may tolerate male expression of ideas [ 34, 35].
By contrast with candidate pheromone receptors, the expression levels of candidate pheromone-binding protein (PBP) genes in antennae were very high, the male expression of PBP1 being the highest expression of all olfactory genes at 94161 RPKM.
Immediately thereafter, male expression of the Y chromosome Sry gene initiates molecular and cellular cascades in the undifferentiated gonads of males leading to differentiation of testes and divergent conversion between male and female development [ 5].
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Has the time come to equally support male expressions of sexuality?
Specifically, women showed stronger activation of insula and middle frontal gyrus to male expressions of contempt (as compared to female expressions).
Intriguingly, a similar pattern of expression was observed for the GH53 (arabinogalactan endo 1,4 β-galactosidase) genes; while one gene (GPLIN_000142900 – blue line in Figure 1E) was upregulated in J2 and particularly in males, expression of the other (GPLIN_000143000 – red line in Figure 1E) was restricted to the parasitic stages.
This is supported by that male expression levels of autosomal and Z-linked genes do not differ significantly, whereas female expression levels of Z-linked genes are significantly lower than of autosomal genes; the difference corresponds well to the difference between male and female expression of Z-linked genes.
A female expression bias predominates on the X (5%% of genes); however, some X-linked genes do show a male expression bias (1.7 % of genes) [ 2].
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