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A recent study by Adam Bear and Paul Bloom at Yale University entitled "A Simple Task Uncovers a Postdictive Illusion of Choice" found that when people were faced with split second decisions their brains took credit for making a correct choice far more frequently than was statistically possible.
This model uses the observed data to estimate the subject's probability of making a correct choice from trial to trial, along with confidence bounds on that estimated probability.
At each trial, the model estimates the value of a hidden (e.g. not directly observable) "state" variable that represents the probability of making a correct choice.
However, this pattern was not seen, and HPC mice were only slower specifically when making a correct choice.
The strongest effects were seen for trials in which mice were cued to enter the opposite reward arm after making a correct choice.
Therefore, rats had to learn the unique six flavor-location pairs to effectively find the correct sand well, obtain reward (correct choice, hereafter), and avoid digging the sand wells that contained no reward before making a correct choice (incorrect choice, hereafter) (Fig. 1b).
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It is clear that the outcome of the previous trial has a strong effect on decision-making: mice are much more likely to make a correct choice if they are cued to switch arms after failing to receive reward (82 ± 14% correct) or return to the same arm after receiving reward (72 ± 18% correct; mean response across encoding and retrieval conditions, baseline trials only).
This is very important and I am also happy that I have made a correct choice".
Behaviours indicative of agitation were observed more often in the second task than in the first and also increased with time during learning tasks (P<0.05), but were not related to whether a heifer made a correct choice.
The researchers don't see the MFN as simply a reflection of detecting mistakes, because the stronger response showed up even when the lab gamblers made a correct choice, such as taking a 5-cent loss when the alternative was a 25-cent loss.
Each session consisted of 10 trials and the heifer had to avoid choosing the image of the individual to be recognized to make a correct choice and to receive a reward (Figure 2).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com