Up in the mountains, where they will stay for a year or more at a time, the fighters live spartan lives, subsisting on plain soups, tea, rice, beans, water and bread baked in makeshift ovens.
Two sons sleep in a makeshift bed.
Clusters of young men or families gather round the embers to make bread and brew tea outside makeshift shelters with low stone walls and roofs of tarpaulin or palm.
If you're cooling a loaf of bread you can use a makeshift cooling rack out of chopsticks set side by side with enough space between them for airflow.
The village band was playing in the streets, and people flocked to a makeshift altar on the piazza, bringing offerings of fruit, bread, pastries, frittatas.
You can sprinkle the bread with butter and garlic to create makeshift garlic bread, or butter and cinnamon-sugar for a simple snack.
Down the road, five blocks away, a 12-year-old, Muhammad Abdul Nabi, was selling bread, the same kind of bread, from a makeshift table for more than double the price at the bakery.
Afterward, the visitors slowly trailed out the church's tiny door, and filed into a makeshift tent where supper was served: a hot lentil stew, with bread and olives spread out on the floor of a makeshift tent.
In the afternoon we ate pillows of bread produced by a huddle of women in the makeshift kitchen next door (Wilf was quickly beckoned into this inner sanctum, but neither his father nor I were permitted to enter).
Other entrepreneurs have taken a more low-budget approach, starting cultural centres in old buildings such as the former Smolny bread factory, which now holds Loft Project Etagi: a makeshift honeycomb of gallery space, cafes, hipster stores and a hostel.
