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Bramley (2007) used the term psychological validity to describe the additional cognitive requirements to make valid and reliable judgements of complex performances, such as scripts, because of the amount of time taken to make the judgement.
A content analysis was chosen as this research method utilizes a systematic approach to make valid and replicable inferences from texts (Krippendorff 2013).
Our data are however not suited to make valid and transparent calculations of these sub-categories of workload.
The MASALA study was created with similar methods and measurements as the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) to make valid and efficient cross-ethnic comparisons (12).
Therefore, this study is limited in documenting the state of public opinion, and cannot make valid and reliable estimates of the degree to which public opinion has affected actual tobacco-control decision-making in Georgia.
The keystone in the missing data theory is that if data are MAR, then it is theoretically possible to make valid and efficient inference based on the collected data (but not by a complete case analysis).
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Sympathizers with the church's position say the Vatican made valid and nuanced points.
Also this is a method that uses a set of categorization procedures for making valid and replicable inferences from data (text or images) to their context.
Researchers continue to question whether the methodologies employed in all these aforementioned studies on efficiency and rankings are strong enough to make valid conclusions, and to what extent the limitations impact the conclusions [ 19, 20].
In the places where such measurements have been tried on a limited basis, there has been fierce debate over the methods used to make valid comparisons, and hospitals have tended to lobby against the efforts from start to finish, for fear that they will appear near the bottom of the lists.
Yet, the bereaved family members usually lack the capacity to make valid decisions and to give consent.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com