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After duplication, both copies continue functioning when natural selection favors duplicated protein function or expression, or when mutations make them functionally distinct before one copy is silenced.
That would make them functionally equivalent to hybrids, and reduce the risk of gene flow, but the technology remains in the lab.
Similarities in phosphorylation and phosphotransfer properties and the presence of two potential signal-sensing GAF domains in DevS and DosT make them functionally analogous proteins and suggest that they could be involved in processing similar signals [11], [12].
Their spatiotemporal expression patterns and the auxin-dependent cross regulation of their expressions make them functionally redundant and complementary in a variety of plant developmental processes, including embryogenesis, organogenesis, tissue differentiation and tropism [ 8].
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But this pedestrian band's reliance on football chant 'uh woahs' makes them functionally indistinguishable from bands like the Fratellis, as lairy and superficial as the Cribs fancy themselves rugged and discerning.
In a food mirage, grocery stores are plentiful but prices are beyond the means of low-income households, making them functionally equivalent to food deserts in that a long journey to obtain affordable, nutritious food is required in either case.
It gives us the chance to rethink how we build tall buildings, making them functionally and environmentally superior, conserving energy, providing a humanized environment in which to live and work, and encompassing an assortment of uses as varied as the city itself.
This makes them functionally equivalent to a tax increase.
The naturally formed protein coat around the nanoparticles makes them functionally efficient for biomedical uses including easy adsorption and delivery of DNA or hydrophobic drugs [39].
Because the phosphorylation of NR2B at Tyr1472 stabilizes NMDA receptors on the cell surface [28], making them functionally active, we also tested an antibody against Tyr1472-phosphorylated NR2B (p-NR2B).
Constitutively, internalized receptors bound by palonosetron could unbind within the acidic endosomal environment and recycle back to the cell surface making them functionally available again.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com