Every decision maker is asked to make pair-wise relationships between each pair of objects.
In this paper, GA's population-based approach and ability to make pair-wise comparison in tournament selection operator are exploited to devise a penalty function approach that does not require any penalty parameter.
Whenever the Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant difference between groups, the Mann–Whitney test was used to make pair-wise comparisons to identify those groups that were significantly different.
Make pairs accountable to each other and to the program facilitators.
The student t test was used to make pair-wise comparisons between titres of different age groups measured against the same capture antigen.
Tukey's HSD and Tamhane's T2 post-hoc tests were used to make pair-wise comparisons of group means on the PedsQL subscales.
Following this analysis a simple one-way ANOVA was conducted on the percentage consenting per school using the post hoc Bonferroni criterion to make pair-wise comparisons between groups, and this was used to present the results.
A post-hoc Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test was conducted to make pair-wise comparisons between conditions in order to find statistical significance, indicated by p-values < 0.05.
A multiple regression model for the dependent variable 'percentage consenting' indicated that the number of consent forms sent out by the school was not a significant covariate (p = 0.43), therefore a simple one-way ANOVA was conducted on percentage consenting using the post hoc Bonferroni criterion to make pair-wise comparisons between groups.
When ANOVA showed significant differences post hoc testing was used to make comparisons between means: Dunnett's post hoc test was used for time-course studies and Student Newman Keuls post hoc test was used to make pair-wise comparisons in all other studies.
