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Pretreatment is an important tool for cellulose conversion processes, and is essential to change the structure of cellulosic biomass to make cellulose more available to the enzymes that convert the carbohydrate polymers into fermentable sugars (Mosier et al. 2005).
Pasteurization at high temperatures could make cellulose more available (Sturion and Oetterer 1995), due to the partial destruction of the lignin-cellulose bonds.
In order to make cellulose more accessible, pretreatment of straw was used to break the lignin seal and disrupt the crystalline structure of cellulose.
Thus, an effective pretreatment technology is crucial to reduce the recalcitrance and make cellulose more available to enzymatic attack.
In this research, the objective of the pretreatment is to break the lignin seal and disrupt its crystalline structure to make cellulose more accessible for cellulase.
In combination with the results above, reduction in poplar cellulose DP caused by DAP could increase cellulose chain-reducing ends [ 51], and short chains with a weak hydrogen-bonding network could make cellulose more amenable to enzymatic deconstruction [ 52].
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This leads to hydrolysis of hemicellulose and removes lignin making cellulose more accessible.
Pretreatment also makes cellulose more accessible to the cellulolytic enzymes, which in return reduces enzyme requirements and, thus, the cost of ethanol production.
It is thought that this action synergistically enhances cellulose deconstruction by making cellulose more accessible to other cellulases.
Pretreatment causes structural and/or chemical changes of biomass materials, making cellulose more accessible to hydrolytic enzymes [ 13].
This is due to the harsher pretreatment conditions that results in making cellulose more accessible to the enzymes.
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