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Whereas Lro1p is the major TAG synthase in cells of the exponential phase, TAG synthase activity of Dga1p is higher in cells entering the stationary phase.
In addition to the major TAG lipases Tgl3 and Tgl4, which catalyze the majority of TAG and also DAG breakdown, yeast also expresses a monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipase to complete the "lipolytic cascade" analogous to mammalian cells (Zechner et al. 2012).
"At times when I'm driving and I see a major tag, I stop, put some biodegradable cleaner on it, and let it drip," he said with a malevolent grin.
However, POP, POS and SOS are not among the major TAG forms in yeast.
In contrast to solid bases which require feedstock pretreatment to remove fatty acid impurities, solid acids are able to esterify FFAs through to FAME in parallel with transesterification major TAG components without soap formation and thus reduce the number of processing steps to biodiesel [70, 71, 72].
Tgl4, in addition to being a major TAG lipase, also displays steryl ester hydrolase and phospholipase A2 activities in vitro.
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The second major TAG-synthase of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae is Lro1p (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) related ORF).
Our results strongly suggest that the DGAT2 enzyme, encoded by the DGA1 gene, is the major TAG-synthesizing enzyme in Y. lipolytica.
Yeast Tgl4 is the functional ortholog of the mammalian adipose triglyceride lipase, ATGL (Zimmermann et al. 2004; Kurat et al. 2006), which is the major TAG-hydrolyzing enzyme in adipose tissue and in other cell types (Lass et al. 2011; Zechner et al. 2012).
Based on this observation, long-chain fatty acids are predominantly located at either sn-1 or sn-3 for the major TAGs at [M + Na]+ 543 and 541 and [M + Li]+ 499, 501, and 527.
This chapter explores a method of analyzing protein samples, and also discusses major mass tag types and general protocols for their use.
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