We also did not observe any significant differences in exposure (carbon load or proximity to major roads) between the different socioeconomic classes.
Arterials are major roads between communities, population centers, and facilities.
At its western end is Forbury Corner, a road junction linking Hillside Road with suburban arterial routes to the suburbs of Saint Clair (Forbury Road) and Corstorphine (Easther Crescent), as well as David Street, the major road link between Hillside Road and South Road.
For each subject we calculated the distance along major road networks between the birthplace and Agbogbloshie (Kahle and Wickham 2013).
Route 70 is a major road providing access between the Philadelphia area and the Jersey Shore resorts, particularly Long Beach Island by way of Route 72.
Crude associations between proximity to traffic and birth outcomes and maternal pregnancy complications are presented in Additional files 2 and 3. We observed a few significant associations between distance to a major road and birth weight, and between DWTD and preterm birth.
The upcoming construction of another major road, running for 60km between Skopje, Macedonia, and Pristina, is expected to bring in even more.
The three exposure indicators correlated moderately, with correlation coefficients of 0.53 between calculated NOx and presence of a major road within 50 m, 0.43 between calculated NOx and traffic load within 200 m, and 0.43 between presence of a major road within 50 m and traffic load within 200 m.
Moreover, a further distinction was made between the major road and the minor road at turbo-roundabouts to consider two antagonist traffic streams for the left entry lane of minor roads, and only an antagonist traffic stream for the left- and the right-lane of major roads and for the right entry lane of minor roads.
Noise levels in Greater Augsburg were only calculated for free-field noise propagation, without accounting for the shielding effect of houses or other obstacles between a major road and the subjects' dwelling, implying a larger degree of exposure misclassification.
