The thioredoxin (Txn) dependent system, comprising of cytosolic (Txn1) and mitochondrial (Txn2) thioredoxins, various Txn dependent peroxidases (peroxiredoxins) and the selenoenzymes thioredoxin reductases 1 3, is one of the major redox systems in cells involved in the control of cellular redox balance [2], [8].
These two proteins constitute one of two major redox regulatory systems in cells (together with the glutathione system) [31].
Glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) are two major thiol redox systems in animal cells during aging [ 49].
In addition, the status of the major thiol redox systems in cells during aging and its modulation by the WRN protein has hardly been explored.
A major function of the trypanosomatid redox system is to overcome the oxidative stress induced by the host defence mechanisms.
Glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) is one of the major redox pairs that control the antioxidative capacity of the cell, while thioredoxins (Trxred/Trxox) form an additional redox system that interacts with a different subset of proteins [ 5].
Thus, radiation may cause a major impact in the elderly, whose aging cells already naturally showed an impaired redox system.
In addition to its antioxidant properties, AsA also has major roles in plant development and hormone signalling, cell cycle, cell expansion, as a part of the cellular redox system, and as a cofactor for several important enzymes [ 1, 2].
Roeb et al. [34] used monolith coatings for redox system.
H2S can undergo a number of abiotic side reactions with other major redox species (Table 1).
