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Is MSSM/2MSH the major redox buffer in Mtb?
Rather, mycobacteria contain oxidised reduced mycothiol (MSSM/2MSH) in millimolar quantities as the major redox buffer.
Furthermore, cysteine is one of the precursors of mycothiol, a major redox buffer in S. coelicolor that helps maintain redox balance in the cell.
Thus, ascorbic acid acts as a major redox buffer and as a cofactor for enzymes involved in regulating photosynthesis, hormone biosynthesis, and regenerating other antioxidants [ 78].
However, E. histolytica completely lacks glutathione metabolism and relies on L-cysteine as a major redox buffer [5, 6, and 8].
Although most protein thiols are related to protein structure and function, nonprotein thiols, primarily GSH, serve as the major redox buffer to maintain a reducing cellular environment.
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Glutamate and ascorbate are the major redox buffers in plants, representing the ascorbate/glutathione cycle [ 9].
Here, we report the relative importance and interdependency of these two major redox buffers, NAD(P H and GSH in aging and AD-like mouse model neurons.
Glutathione is the major intracellular redox buffer in the liver and is critical for hepatic detoxification of xenobiotics and other environmental toxins.
For example, in most bacteria (albeit not mycobacteria) the GSSG/2GSH couple represents the major intracellular redox buffer and can therefore be used to infer the status of the bacterial redox environment.
Non-enzymatic antioxidants include the major cellular redox buffers ascorbate and glutathione, as well as carotenoids and tocopherol [7].
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