Therefore, we studied changes in signaling pathways downstream of the TCR and cytokine receptors, two major signaling pathways modulated by CTLA4 blockade [3], [14], [15], in PBMC from patients treated with tremelimumab.
This analysis clearly identifies signaling pathways among the most relevant pathways modulated by L. major promastigotes.
We identify signal transduction pathways among the most relevant pathways modulated by L. major infection, unique to BALB/c and C57BL/6 BMdM and postulate that the interplay between these potentially interconnected pathways could direct the macrophage response toward a given phenotype.
Two pathways modulate angiogenesis, endothelium-related and tumor-induced angiogenesis pathways.
One major pathway that modulates autophagy involves the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), a Ser/Thr kinase that functions as a signaling hub to control cell proliferation, growth, and survival by regulating transcription, translation, as well as autophagic activity [8].
Canonical pathway analysis revealed Notch signaling as the most significant signaling pathway modulated by estradiol.
One important pathway modulated by metabolites is the CeTOR pathway that affects PHA-4 activity [ 32].
Major pathways that are known to modulate the number or activity of osteoblasts include the IGF, BMP, and Wnt pathways.
Major pathways that are known to modulate the number or activity of osteoblasts include the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway, BMP pathway, and the Wingless und Int-1 (Wnt) pathway.
In each case, the data indicate the major pathways involved and the many ways that mutations can modulate those pathways.
