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High gene numbers in plant genomes reflect polyploidy and major gene duplication events.
According to Margis et al. [ 17], plant GPx evolved by four major gene duplication events from a single ancestral gene.
Among true vertebrates, our phylogenetic tree shows that the Aurora kinases underwent two major gene duplication events.
Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses resolve a gene tree with four major gene duplication events that coincide with the emergence of novel land plant clades.
Our phylogenetic analyses of L-LDH isozymes are consistent with the general view of a major gene duplication event near the origin of vertebrates.
Additional analyses at the codon level (sites models) and amino acid level (described below) were employed to more formally assess the hypothesis that GAoxs have been subject to functional divergence following the major gene duplication events.
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Many different genes spanning wide functional categories have undergone major gene duplications in vertebrates and mammals.
Retroposition, a major mechanism of gene duplication, can provide raw materials for the generation of new gene functions [1] and is an important process shaping the evolution of genomes [2].
Our data is consistent with the concept that there are two major fates of gene duplication: retention of both copies or pseudogenization of one of the transcripts.
Generally, two major gene or genome duplication events are proposed to have occurred at the origin of vertebrates and have accompanied increased organismal complexity and emergence of gene novelties [ 81, 82].
Particularly, the major claim, for extensive gene duplication, was made on the basis of experiments and analyses that did not include sufficient validation procedures.
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