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Phylogenetic analyses revealed two major evolutionary clades.
In order to assess if selection acts differently along the three major evolutionary clades of rrgB (see Fig. 3 and Fig. S2), we tested separately each clade by performing a likelihood-ratio test of the branch-site model implemented in codeml, similarly to what done for rrgA.
Recent investigations using housekeeping and virulence genes have revealed that the species consists of three major evolutionary clades (types I, II, and III).
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The logistic equations developed here for each of nine major groups of plant pests and pathogens require knowing (i) the major evolutionary clade to which the pest belongs (e.g., fungi, mites), (ii) at least one genus of known hosts for the pathogen or pest, and (iii) the genera of plants of concern (i.e., regionally important wildland species and agricultural crops).
Results show that a major evolutionary event leading to the clade of the infant-adapted species is linked to carbohydrate metabolism, but it is not the only factor responsible for the adaptation of bifidobacteria to the gut.
The floral transition from moderate to extremely strong zygomorphy may reflect a pollinator or pollinator-behavior shift likely towards more specialized pollination, which is the major evolutionary trend of the floral zygomorphy in many clades of angiosperms [ 23, 26, 27].
All eight major DAT 5′ region haplotypes are part of two evolutionary clades (clades A and B) (Kelada et al. 2006).
The 13 well-supported clades identified with our data represent 13 major evolutionary lineages in Dryopteris that are supported by morphological synapomophies and may deserve circumscription as supraspecific entities within Dryopteris.
The 13 well-supported clades identified based on our data represent 13 major evolutionary lineages in Dryopteris that are also supported by morphological synapomophies.
Each of the 13 clades is additionally supported by morphological synapomophies and is inferred to represent a major evolutionary lineage in Dryopteris.
The major evolutionary transitions.
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