- Misfolded proteins are polyubiquitinated and targeted to the 2 major degradation systems in cells: the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosomal pathways.
Major degradation systems, including UPS, have been suggested to be activated by inactivation of the Rho GTPase effector, Rock-2, that has central roles in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, which has previously shown to be cleaved by caspase-2.
Autophagy is a major intracellular degradation system that engulfs cytoplasmic materials into autophagosomes, then degrades and recycles in lysosome.
Autophagy is a major intracellular degradation system.
Autophagy, from Greek "self-eating," is a major protein degradation system that targets primarily long-lived cytoplasmic proteins.
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a major intracellular degradation system that, in eukaryotes, is mediated by a special organelle, the autophagosome., Upon autophagy induction, small pieces of the cytoplasm are enclosed by phagophores, which mature into autophagosomes.
Cells use two major protein degradation systems for the quality control of newly synthesised proteins and the disposal of old or damaged proteins.
Four of the eight proteins involved in the lipid metabolic process, hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HCDH), carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT I), 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (DECR), and isoform 1 of Enoyl-CoA hydratase domain-containing protein 2 (ECHDC2), specifically to fatty acid beta-oxidation system, the major degradation pathway for fatty acid in humans.
