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One major defense pathway is mediated by salicylic acid (SA).
One major defense pathway of nerve cells against ROS depends on the production of glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide composed of glutamate, cysteine and glycine, via the enzymes glutamate−cysteine ligase and GSH synthetase.
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In contrast, a major herbivory defense pathway showed significantly elevated intraspecific variation suggesting that it may be under pressure to maintain and/or generate diversity in response to fluctuating insect herbivory pressures.
The complement system is a major antimicrobial defense pathway that straddles both innate and adaptive immunity.
To analyze the involvement of the major defense signaling pathways, double mutants with defects in the SA or jasmonate/ethylene pathways were analyzed for their resistance and lesion phenotype.
Wound-induced immunity is independent of the major plant defense pathways involving salicylic acid, JA or ethylene, but depends on glutathione [ 7].
This secondary metabolite pathway is a major insect and pathogen defense pathway within Arabidopsis [53] [55].
The Keap1 Nrf2– ARE pathway is a major defense mechanism used to counteract oxidative stress.
Activation of the Toll pathway and melanization mediated by SP cascades are the major defense mechanisms in insects [ 17, 18].
It is a major defense contractor.
Glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1) is a major defense enzyme against peroxides.
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