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Service trench provision and maintenance of buried pipes represent major cost items in the utilities industry.
This allows for estimating size and cost of the major cost items as well as the expected sales volume of electric power.
In this preliminary economic study, energy costs in the electrochemical and photochemical processes are taken into account as major cost items in the calculation of the operating cost as kilowatt hour per volume (m3) of the water in the reactor (Equation 23).
We did not estimate the impact of market fluctuations on the cost of infrastructure, as the price of major cost items such as cement and labor were assumed to remain stable.
24 A main strength of our study includes the nationwide population-based design, with up-to-date data on the number of hospital contacts in relation to inpatient bed days, emergency room visits, and hospital outpatient clinic visits reflecting major cost items in breast cancer care.
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Machinery cost is the major cost item in farm businesses in highly mechanized production systems.
Heat exchange tubes are by far the major cost item in thermal desalination plants.
However its use has been slow to catch on due to the high installation costs of the most common Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHE), which constitute the major cost item of an air geothermal conditioning system.
The design and performance of many systems are critically dependent on the design and performance of their associated transformers and the transformer often forms the major cost item in the system.
This is crucial to the development of a viable biomass energy sector, where fuel represents a major cost item (Junginger et al. 2006).
And less adversarial systems to deal with malpractice claims free European doctors from a major cost item while giving them less incentive to practice unproductive defensive medicine.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com