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Although the power gain for alleles of lower frequency in CEU was noticeable in both multiethnic panels, the best power was obtained for the "cosmopolitan" panel with representation from the major continental groups as well as the admixed populations (Figures 1 and 2).
In both cases, major continental groups were treated as panmictic populations, which is biologically unlikely.
We restricted this analysis to a set of 911 individuals representing the three major continental groups: 246 Africans (AFR), 379 Europeans (EUR) and 286 Asians (ASN).
We tested the impact of ascertainment bias on the inference of population genetic parameters using empirical and simulated data representing the three major continental groups of cattle: European, African, and Indian.
Once the orientation and duplication statuses were confirmed, each individual was grouped according to geographical origin, and six major continental groups were thus defined, Sub-Saharan andica, North Africa, Middle EaSouth Europeia, Central Europe, and supplementary(supplementabletable S1, Supplementary Material online).
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At K = 2 STRUCTURE identified one cluster of individuals of African descent and a second cluster of individuals from all other major continental population groups (Figure 1A: East Asia, Oceania, Native American, and Caucasian).
While CoAIMs was specifically developed to discern among the major continental population groups, and our results indicate this, the further differentiation of intracontinental populations may be possible with larger marker sets.
Pairwise FST values were calculated between continental groups, and between the individual populations based on the continental groupings identified by Rosenberg et al. [10].
Analyses of the STRUCTURE data for the 48 and 36 MSAT panel indicated that five population groups (K = 5) are the best fit for both datasets, which effectively resolve the five major continental population clusters (Figure 2): Africa, Americas, Caucasian (Europe, Middle East and Central Asia, East Asiaandand Oceania.
Arsenal has finally won a major continental competition.
Flanagan listed the major continental European insurers Allianz and Generali as potential bidders.
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