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Synthesis of minor coding strand proceeds unidirectionally, and the major coding strand synthesis begins after 97% of the minor coding strand synthesis is completed [58], [59] (Figure 7).
Yet despite their extensive rearrangement, these pseudoscorpion mitochondrial genomes possess a CA bias on the major coding strand.
Most metazoan mitochondrial genomes possess an overall cytosine and adenine (CA) nucleotide bias on their major coding strand [ 22].
Additionally, some chelicerates possess an atypical guanine-thymine nucleotide bias on the major coding strand of their mitochondrial genomes.
However, many chelicerate lineages -- including xiphosurans, amblypygids, vinegaroons, and camel spiders -- possess a CA nucleotide bias on their major coding strand [ 43].
Other taxa have a strong GT bias (colored red in Figure 6) on their major coding strand, including all scorpions and all true (opisthothele) spiders.
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In insects, the leading and lagging strands are termed minor and major coding strands according to the relative numbers of the gene encoded on the respective DNA strand [57].
Both mt genomes also show CG nucleotide skews on their major coding strands.
The overall CG skews for each of the major coding strands of the mitochondrial genomes are 0.23 for Paratemnoides and 0.28 for Pseudogarypus.
If this is the case, then it may be expected that genomes prone to rearrangements are also the ones that tend to have major coding strands that are no longer CA-biased.
Despite their differences in strand asymmetry, the major coding strands of the two groups encode essentially the same set of 11 conserved mitochondrial proteins including cytochrome b, three subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (subunit 1, 2, and 3), six subunits of NADH dehydrogenase (subunit 1, 2, 3, 4, 4L, and 5), and ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 (ATP6).
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