Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≤50 mL/min (as determined by the Cockcroft Gault and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations) seemed to have greater relative risk reduction in major bleeding with apixaban (hazard ratio 0.50 (95% confidence interval: 0.38 0.66), P = 0.005).
The independent risk factors for major bleeding were aspirin use (hazard ratio, 6.30) and a high international normalized ratio (hazard ratio for 0.5-unit increase, 1.68).
Independent risk factors for major bleeding were aspirin use (hazard ratio, 6.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.35 to 29.4) and a high International Normalized Ratio (hazard ratio for 0.5-unit increase, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 2.66).
At 82% eligibility, the incremental risk cannot exceed 1.22, but the intrinsic hazard of major bleeding during prophylaxis remains.
17 In the PLATO trial, the hazard ratio for major bleeding with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel was 1.18 (0.98 to 1.43) in current smokers and 1.04 (0.92 to 1.18) in former and nonsmokers.
In the TRILOGY trial, the hazard ratio for major bleeding related to non-coronary artery bypass grafting for prasugrel compared with clopidogrel was 1.72 (0.68 to 4.37) in current or recent smokers and 1.18 (0.68 to 2.05) in not current or recent smokers.
The risk of major bleeding appeared to be similar compared to aspirin in that trial (hazard ratio with apixaban, 1.13; 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.75; P = 0.57).
Moreover, to investigate whether the predictors are sensitive after taking all-cause death (as a competing risk of stroke and major bleeding) into account, we will perform a competing risk analysis to obtain the hazard functions for stroke and major bleeding separately.
The association between eGFR and mortality, hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and major bleeding were examined using Cox proportional hazards models.
The risk of major bleeding was also lower in the apixaban group compared to the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.80; P < 0.001).
