Sentence examples for major antigenic changes from inspiring English sources

All of the poliovirus isolates appeared "Sabin-like" in the ELISA intratypic differentiation tests, indicating the lack of any major antigenic changes.

However, the consequences of a mismatch during these intervals are likely to be less dramatic given the absence of major antigenic changes.

Influenza A virus experiences two major antigenic changes, antigenic shift (gene reassortment) and antigenic drift (point mutation), whereas influenza B and C viruses undergo antigenic drift only.

These findings strongly suggest that the rapid extinction of virus lineages is driven by positive selection in the epitope regions of each new dominant lineage, whereas the intervals of slow extinction (defined here as "stasis" periods when no major antigenic changes occur) largely involve neutral or near-neutral evolution.

To further complicate the picture, major antigenic changes in the 1889 pandemic virus around 1900 have been postulated on the basis of epidemiologic/serologic evidence, and data from the 1957 (H2N2) and 1968 (H3N2) pandemics are each consistent with partial protection in persons alive during 1889 1918.

In addition, antigenically novel strains or subtypes of influenza A virus can emerge and spread rapidly due to a major antigenic change known as antigenic shift, causing global pandemics such as the ones that occurred in the last century or the recent H1N1 pandemic (pdmH1N1) in 2009 [ 13– 13].

The mutation in CV1 resulted in a major NA antigenic change, as determined by reduced binding of 3 anti-NA mAbs (Fig. 2c).

No changes were observed for major antigenic epitopes B2, C1, C2, D, and E. Changes at the major antigenic epitopes included N144S, N145S, F159Y, K160T, N225D, and at other epitopes L3I and Q311H; those changes are characteristic of HA gene clade 3C.2a viruses (4 ).

Changes at the major antigenic sites (A, B and C) of the HA monomer were located using PyMOL software (v0.99) (DeLano Scientific LLC, South San Francisco, California, U.S.A).

Antigenic variation may negatively affect vaccine efficacy if changes occur at major antigenic sites.

Many bacteria synthesize structurally diverse polysaccharide polymers, O-antigen and capsule that are major antigenic determinants.