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The Chromophyta have the shortest fossil history among the major algal groups.
The various major algal groups, such as the green algae, brown algae, and red algae, are now placed in the kingdom Protista because they lack one or more of the features that are characteristic of plants.
The plastid in algae and plants almost certainly originated in the founding group of photosynthetic eukaryotes, the Plantae (or Archaeplastida1,2,3,4) and subsequently spread to all other major algal groups (e.g., diatoms, dinoflagellates, euglenids) through secondary and tertiary endosymbiosis5,6.
While corals are spectrally very similar to each other due to their symbiotic dinoflagellate and host pigments, they are distinct from the major algal groups.
A statistical procedure, ChemTax (Mackey et al. 1996), partitions chlorophyll a (i.e., total microalgal biomass) into the major algal groups to determine the relative and absolute contributions of each group.
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Despite paralogy being observed in green algae for all three genes, the presence of p-coumaryl alcohol biosynthesis gene homologs in various species from two major green algal groups suggests the presence of this pathway is ancestral.
The nuclear envelope breaks apart in some algal groups but remains intact in others.
These molecules are produced through a metabolic pathway restricted to cyanobacteria, various algal groups and fungi.
The response variables were Chl a concentration, phytoplankton biovolume and main algal groups' biovolumes.
The fertilized egg, or zygote, in a number of algal groups may also pass into a dormant stage (a zygospore).
At the same time, the abundance of other algal groups in the thickets started to decrease.
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