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The device was tested using maize exposed to several PAH species.
This is in line with observations of Engels et al. [32, 33], demonstrating that Zn and Mn shoot accumulation in maize exposed to low RZT was particularly dependent on cold-stress effects affecting root activity, while the uptake of other nutrients was more strongly determined by the shoot demand.
To examine if these predicted genes were expressed in maize and to further confirm their stress-responsiveness to abiotic stress, quantitative real-time PCR was performed for 25 ZmHsf genes in the leaves of maize exposed to heat stress.
Accordingly, mutations that affect either HR or C-NHEJ have been reported to cause loss of viability, or developmental delay, in seedlings germinated from imbibed mutants seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (henceforth Arabidopsis) and maize exposed to DNA dsb damage inducing agents [ 13- 16].
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Maize cultivars exposed to excess Cu accumulated substantial amounts of Cu in their leaves.
The increased proline content in maize cultivars exposed to copper stress may be associated with the response to water deficit.
The proline content of the maize cultivars exposed to Cu or/and H2O2 exhibited a specific increase.
Reduced shoot and root growth of maize plants exposed to low temperatures has been attributed to severe oxidative damage induced by cold stress [13, 29].
Fig. 1 Shoot length of maize plants exposed to a root zone temperature of 12 14 °C for 2 weeks in a cooling system.
Fig. 3 Root length density of maize plants exposed to a root zone temperature of 12 14 °C for two weeks in a cooling system.
Consistently, maize kernels exposed to high temperature (35 °C) exhibit a decline in endogenous cytokinin levels, leading to disrupted endosperm development and starch biosynthesis (Cheikh and Jones 1994).
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