Sentence examples for maize domestication and from inspiring English sources
"They have implications for understanding later developments in maize domestication and help us to see what people were selecting for at the time".
Al stress was likely a powerful selective force during maize domestication and early improvement, as maize exhibits regional adaption to various levels of Al toxicity [4].
For example, ramosa1 (ra1) of maize shows strong evidence that it was the target of selection during maize domestication, and this gene has been characterized in considerable detail [4].
The difficulty is that the determinacy of second-order meristems was not altered during maize domestication, and so exactly what trait was under selection and how ra1 affects that trait is not yet known.
Curiously, flowering time was not a trait hypothesized to have been under selection during maize domestication, and thus these putative associations may be independent of the selective history of these genes.
The maize ortholog ZmGS3 also regulates maize kernel weight and length, but no evidence of selection during maize domestication and improvement is found (Li et al. 2010).
QTL mapping was also used in classic studies defining the major loci responsible for maize domestication (Doebley and Stec 1993), including the teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene (Doebley et al. 2006).
The change in the regulation of the tb1 gene during maize domestication was subtle and sophisticated.
Genes regulating lateral shoot development have been shown to have key roles in evolution of plant architecture in maize domestication [ 40– 42], and have been functionally implicated in life history differences between Mimulus guttatus populations [ 5].
Recently, tb1 and tag1, QTLs with key roles in maize domestication, have been cloned and analyzed (Tsiantis 2011; Kim et al. 2012).
By these molecular data and archaeological records, the maize domestication event is estimated to be between 6000 and 9000 years ago (Piperno and Flannery, 2001; Matsuoka et al., 2002).
