Finally, animal populations such as wild birds, commercially shipped livestock, and animals involved in the local or international pet trade, could play a role in the maintenance and spread of an epidemic attributable to an intentional release of a biological agent.
Fracking wastes may also be disposed of through "beneficial uses," which can include applying produced water as a road de-icer or dust suppressant, using drilling cuttings in road maintenance, and spreading liquids or sludge on fields.,, Pennsylvania allows fracking brine to be used for road dust and ice control under a state permit.
In this review, we discuss the possible role of wildlife in the maintenance and spread of some of these neglected zoonoses in Europe.
Methadone maintenance therapy spread quickly and became the gold standard for treatment of opioid dependence, "probably the most evaluated form of treatment in the field of drug abuse treatment" (Farrell et al. 1994: 997).
The occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment has led to an increasing concern about the potential environmental risks and the maintenance and spread of antibacterial resistance among microorganisms.
She conducts workshops called Uganda Bites Back for local volunteers to learn about malaria education and prevention, including mosquito net repair, care, and maintenance, and spread their knowledge and skills with the larger community.
It is increasingly acknowledged that migratory birds, notably waterfowl, play a critical role in the maintenance and spread of influenza A viruses.
Based on this observation, we asked whether light accelerates specifically the process of silencing maintenance and spread and/or affects the onset of silencing.
Starlings may contribute to the maintenance and spread of other pathogens in CAFO's and other wildlife species may contribute to the maintenance and spread of S. enterica.
