Lipofection transfection of E. histolytica trophozoites with the constructed plasmids, drug selection, maintenance of selected transformants, and indirect immunofluorescence analysis of independent established transformants were performed as described previously (5).
One possible explanation for this heterogeneity could be the maintenance of balancing selection and/or historical balancing selection having led to a higher retention of diversity at a subset of genomic regions.
Although the cost of mate choice is an essential component of the evolution and maintenance of sexual selection, the energetic cost of female choice has not previously been assessed directly.
Determining the cost of mate choice in a diversity of mating systems is critical to understanding the evolution and maintenance of sexual selection.
These variants are not discernable in the consensus genome at the time of emergence, and the maintenance of mutation-selection equilibria of population variants is greatly underestimated.
Studies concerned with the maintenance of mutation-selection equilibria in WNV minority population variants throughout the time of emergence are, furthermore, greatly understated, especially so for lineage 2 WNV strains [ 18].
The strategic echelon deals with decisions regarding wind farm design for reliability, location and capacity of maintenance accommodations, selection of wind farm maintenance strategy, and outsourcing the repair services.
Sequence data for these loci suggest that they are under balancing selection in several species in the Neurospora/Sordaria complex, consistent with maintenance of polymorphism by selection on the mating functions of the loci [ 52].
The maintenance of strong negative selection suggests that these orphan PPR genes might have an additional unrecognized function that is independent of the known chloroplast RNA editing function.
There is thus an increasing recognition that for the assessment and maintenance of diversity under selection one needs to study sequence-activity relationships.
Investigation of molecular evolution at these various levels usually reveals diversifying selection and the selective maintenance of variation, resulting in positive selection at the genomic interfaces of escalating attack and defense systems [ 63].
