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Surprisingly, in addition to their role in the stable maintenance of repressive states, PcG factors are involved in more dynamic processes such as cellular proliferation and plasticity.
Thus, it is likely that Brm1 activity may be dispensable for the maintenance of repressive heterochromatin.
The authors showed that the reduced Hnf4a expression observed at a young age was made permanent throughout life and aging, via the stable maintenance of repressive epigenetic marks.
The finding that CR delays age-related loss of gene silencing suggests a relationship between CR life span extension and maintenance of repressive heterochromatin.
However, it does not distinguish between CR having a direct effect on maintenance of repressive heterochromatin, or an indirect effect, by slowing down the rate of aging.
Binding of MeCP2 to hemimodified hmCpG/mCpG compared to either symmetrically modified DNA is a distinct state of MeCP2 binding that in turn may differentially modulate the establishment and/or maintenance of repressive chromatin structures.
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The inactive X chromosome (Xi) serves as a model for establishment and maintenance of repressed chromatin and the function of polycomb repressive complexes (PRC1/2).
This process allows maintenance of the repressive mark and its transmission to daughter cells [ 6].
SCMH1 is a core component of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) [ 16- 18] which is involved in the maintenance of repression and can block chromatin remodeling[ 17], and it plays an important role in regulation of homeotic genes in embryogenesis[ 19].
EZH2 is a methyltransferase and the core catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2. It has an essential role in the epigenetic maintenance of the H3K27me3 repressive chromatin mark.
Initiation of XCI is followed by maintenance of the repressed state, through the synergistic action of several repressive mechanisms (Csankovszki et al, 2001).
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