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In Arabidopsis, FLC is repressed by vernalization in two phases, first by a repression of expression by cold and secondly by a stable maintenance of repression that persists after the plant returns to warm temperatures [5], [114].
Thus NELF is not involved in the stable maintenance of repression at these later stages, which involves instead other mechanisms such as epigenetic maintenance by the Polycomb group proteins and specific histone methylation marks [28], [29], [30].
These results have been interpreted as indicating specific function for ph and Psc/Su z 2 in transcriptional repression of homeotic target genes (hence the rapid effects on expression of these targets), while the other PcG gene functions would be required for long-term epigenetic marking of target genes for maintenance of repression through cell divisions.
In addition, phosphorylation affects self-recruitment of EZH2 to its own mark, which may have bearing on maintenance of repression throughout cell divisions [ 53, 54].
CBX7 recognition of H3K27 is required for the monoubiquitination of histone H2A lysine 119 H2A-K1199), whinh in turn results in maintenance of repression in the locus.
Investigation of genes classified as repression targets of cMyc indicated that the majority, 7 out of 10, displayed an expression profile consistent with maintenance of repression in the infected cell (data not shown).
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hPc2 is a member of the polycomb repressive complex 1, which is required for stable maintenance of transcriptional repression [18], [20], [21], [22].
Since the phenotypic feature of the vHMEC that allows them to avoid or overcome stasis is the stable repression of p16 expression, one possibility is that radiation directly affects epigenetic process es) involved in the initiation or maintenance of this repression.
They show that instead of activating gene expression, in the context of heterochromatic repeats, specific transcription factors are necessary for the maintenance of transcriptional repression and heterochromatin.
In the case of the flowering time regulator FLC, chromatin compactness and histone modifications are controlled by environmental cues and ensure faithful maintenance of gene repression after vernalization.
The establishment and the maintenance of the repression of the flowering repressor FLC is also mediated by H3K27 methylation.
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