These results extend the findings of a previous study, which highlighted the role of disturbance frequency in the maintenance of microbial social traits [15].
42 They are also important for the maintenance of microbial homeostasis of commensal organisms in the intestines during health by retaining IgA-producing plasma cells in peyer's patches.
Kawamoto et al. [ 88] described that Tregs are necessary for the maintenance of microbial diversity, including a promoting effect on the abundance of nonpathogenic Clostridia.
This in-depth analysis of target pathways identifies taxonomic groups encoding synthesis pathways of required metabolites for Dhc, and strengthens the argument for maintenance of microbial diversity to safeguard functional redundancy within consortia.
Given that the producer and target strains are often of the same bacterial species, the bacteriocins are largely believed to be involved in competition for limited resources within an ecological niche, but they may also be contributing to the maintenance of microbial diversity at a population level [ 14– 16].
These sulfate-reducing microorganisms play an important role in energy production as well as the maintenance of the microbial community (Elshahed et al. 2003; Douglas and Douglas 2001).
They could, however, lead to the discovery of general features crucial for the maintenance of the microbial world, flexible features central to explaining the success of diverse lineages of entities, and mechanisms that facilitate the integration of lower level entities into a higher level entity.
Understanding of the acquisition, maintenance, and change of microbial communities in a coral host are fundamental questions in the study of coral-microbial associations.
Keeping these communities in balance is most likely crucial for health maintenance, and perturbation of microbial composition has been hypothesized to be involved in a range of diseases, within and outside the gut [7], [8].
First, ponds can be described as self-sufficient treatment units, because the efficacy of treatment is contingent upon the maintenance of the overall microbial communities of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa (Hosetti and Frost 1995), and the proper balance of organics, light, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, algal presence (Amengual-Morro et al. 2012), and temperature.
This segregating behavior is potentially advantageous for the ants, as the strict maintenance of a specific microbial community in the garden may promote the stable maintenance of the fungus garden, while increasing the growth of their mutualistic fungus, thereby increasing food production.
