Sentence examples for maintenance of adaptations from inspiring English sources

A central theme in evolutionary ecology is understanding the origin and maintenance of adaptations shaped by natural selection.

Such trait decay, especially when occurring in parallel in independent lineages, highlights the importance of natural selection for the maintenance of adaptations (Fong et al., 1995; Wiens, 2001; Lahti et al., 2009).

Additionally, V. inaequalis is described as a good model for host adaptation in plant pathogens [ 7] because mating only occurs between strains that are able to infect identical hosts, thus facilitating the maintenance of adaptations to a host when host ranges do not overlap [ 18, 19].

Populations of the most important malaria vector in tropical Africa, i.e. Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, offer instances of recent niche expansion [ 17, 18] that can provide us with insights about the ecological and molecular mechanisms underlying the emergence and maintenance of adaptations.

In 1985, Williams wrote, "If some populations of species are doing better than others at persistence and reproduction, and if such differences are caused in part by genetic differences, this selection at the population level must play a role in the evolution of the species," while concluding that group selection "is unimportant for the origin an maintenance of adaptation" (Williams 1985, pp. 7 8).

Taken together, these studies have noted maintenance of adaptation and control.

In the case of accelerating maintenance costs of adaptations (Fig. 1A), we find that a mixed strategy can be optimal.

In the case of linear and decelerating maintenance costs of adaptations (Fig. 1B and 1C), simultaneous investment in physiological and behavioral adaptation to host defenses is never selected, whatever the spatial configuration of hosts.

The maintenance of viral adaptations may therefore reflect ongoing T-cell pressure in chronic HCV-infected subjects.

Although host fidelity has proved to encourage the host adaptation through continual use of the same host species (Forbes et al. 2009), by itself it is not sufficient for the formation and maintenance of host adaptations in parasitoid populations, even under reduced gene flow between populations.

Again, do not cut your mileage by more than 20%, but thresholds and VO2 work should be minimized (i.e., no more than 10 minutes a week of efforts at these paces to reinforce maintenance of physiological adaptations).