Unlike younger children, children of this age are capable of achieving relatively complicated adult-like maintenance in memory (e.g., Astle et al. 2012; Shimi, Nobre, Astle and Scerif 2014; Shimi, Kuo, Astle, Nobre and Scerif 2014).
If, as we have suggested above, however, a similar mechanism underlies reactivation during active maintenance in working memory and in recognition memory, then one would predict that the same perceptual regions that show delay period activity during working memory maintenance also would show reactivation effects during short-term recognition memory.
The intervening distraction task, implemented here, that did not affect overall associative memory performance makes continuous maintenance in working memory less likely and thus, our data is supportive for a model in which the hippocampus supports the actual binding of the two constituents separated in time during memory formation [3], [36], [37].
This goal-directed modulation of attention is typically verbally mediated and involves the formulation and maintenance in working memory of explicit action-oriented rules.
We found that when an odorant was easily named, its maintenance in working memory was reflected in sustained activity preferentially in the area of inferior frontal gyrus.
In contrast, the key novel aspect of our results was that when an odor was hard to name, its maintenance in working memory was reflected in sustained activity preferentially in the area of frontal piriform cortex.
These findings confirm the hypothesis that maintenance in working memory is associated with replay of sensory input and show that the number of replay events increases with maintenance demands.
Both verbal fluencies require the generation of words based in categories (phonological or semantical) and both require the language executive function in order to establish a search strategy, search of information, retrieval from stored information in long-term memory and active maintenance in the working memory, as well as self-regulation for an efficient performance.
This is a widely-used measure of maintenance in visuo-spatial memory developed by Della Sala, Gray, Baddeley, Allamano, and Wilson (1999), Della Sala, Gray, Baddeley, and Wilson (1997).
Also, this might suggest that GBA amplitude increases do not represent the only relevant mechanism underlying stimulus maintenance in short-term memory.
These results highlight the critical role of effective top-down control in memory maintenance for visual representations.
