After the 2005 explosion at BPs Texas City a commission led by former Treasury secretary James Baker determined that BP had done a better job ensuring occupational safety (like banning cellphones while driving and forcing people to hold the railing on stairs) while falling short on critical process safety (maintenance, designing safe systems and learning from accidents).
According to the way these two basic interventions are applied, five basic maintenance policies can be distinguished: Failure Based Maintenance, Design-Out Maintenance, Use Based Maintenance, Condition Based Maintenance and Detection Based Maintenance.
A number of factors affect the risk related to this activity, e.g. maintenance, design of helicopter/helideck, and the competence/training of the crew.
It can serve as a reference for the maintenance, design and the life prediction of ocean structures, hydraulic structures, marine structures and offshore platform in cold regions.
Some of the factors that influence the service life of equipment are environments and geographic locations, selection of materials, maintenance, design, and bimetallic connection.
Knowledge of the true failure distribution allows us to optimize the maintenance design and also to correctly compute quantities of interest involving the plant economy and the safety.
It can serve as a reference for the maintenance, design and the life prediction of dams, hydraulic structures, offshore structures, concrete roads and bridges in northern cold regions.
In the present paper, we firstly consider the problem of estimating the true failure probability and then we apply the results to a maintenance design.
In addition, the numerical model and results may be a reference for maintenance, design and study on other embankments in permafrost regions.
The reinforcing effect of FRP grids needs to be quantitatively estimated when the grids are applied to degraded tunnel linings to assist with the maintenance design.
