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Improving and maintaining soil structure is known to aid nutrient retention and soil biological health.
For large mesocosms such as our 140 L units, it is logistically challenging to extract intact soil cores while maintaining soil structure, followed by autoclaving or hand sorting to eliminate earthworms and other soil biota.
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Scientists believe the worms could help maintain soil structure and nutrients because they eat a different nitrogen and carbon faction of soil.
Earthworms, as ecosystem engineers, help to mineralize soil organic matter, construct and maintain soil structure, and often stimulate plant growth and protect plants from pests.
The StI that considers soil organic matter (SOM) as the most important factor to maintain soil structure did not reflect the high stability of the kaolinitic-rich soil that lacks SOM.
Because crop residue is converted into organic matter that maintains soil structure, Wilhelm says levels of organic matter may be a good metric of soil health and the amount of stover that must be retained on or in the soil to sustain productivity.
They are sensitive to changes of environment by playing an irreplaceable role in maintaining soil ecological structure, keeping the balance of soil nutrients and protecting moisture and fertilizer (Bian 2005; Wang et al. 2006; Lin et al. 2010).
It was also confirmed by Brhane and Mekonen (2009) that vegetation cover and forage availability were improved after practicing and maintaining soil and water conservation structures.
Soil carbon (C) is crucial for maintaining soil functions, and it increases after conversion of an agricultural field from conventional tillage management to no-tillage management due to decreasing human-induced soil disturbance and the modification of soil structure through ecosystem engineers such as earthworms.
Biological sustainability at the farm level is basically about maintaining soil fertility.
In most kebeles of Kambata Tambaro zone, there is an agreement to implement zero grazing on cultivated land, which supports sustainability of the built structures and maintains soil fertility.
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