VGF is widely expressed in neurons in the brain and involved in maintaining organism energy balance, as well as in mediating hippocampal synaptic activity [11], [12].
It has recently been found in mammals that key neuronal lipid metabolites act as hypothalamic signaling mediators that monitor energy status and contribute to maintaining organism metabolic homeostasis (reviewed in [44]).
Incorporating degeneracy into the study of biological systems brings attention to the many ways that variation can arise while maintaining organism function.
To develop and maintain, organisms rely on cellular growth and cell division.
For example, gene regulatory networks maintain organisms through protein production, response to the external environment, and control of cell division processes.
Considering the strong correlations between P N ratios and RGR for most organisms, demonstrated by Figure 1, the regression intercepts may characterize the P N ratios required to maintain organisms in the stationary state.
As an intracellular defense mechanism to attenuate ER stress and maintain organism homeostasis, the UPR is involved in the pathogenesis] of numerous human diseases, including ovarian diseases.
Indeed, a constant supply of FAs is required to maintain organism homeostasis.
These results suggest that for proteins participating in increasing number of complexes, lower dN/dS ratios tend to be associated with purifying selection to maintain organism fitness.
These findings, when considered with the well-described association between senescence, resistance to apoptosis and organismal aging [ 22, 44], suggest that Nfkb1 maintains organism health, at least in part, via its role in the response to endogenous replication stress.
