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The regulation of water balance in the brain is crucial in maintaining neuronal activity.
This chemokine is responsible for maintaining neuronal activity and neurite development.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04378.002 Neural circuits achieve an ongoing balance between flexibility and stability to enable plastic adaptations to environmental changes, while maintaining neuronal activity in a stable regime over extended timescales.
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In both cases the regulations involved tend to maintain neuronal activity, either by increasing sensitivity to glutamate at existing synapses, or as shown here, by increasing synapse number.
Furthermore, lactate was shown to help maintain neuronal activity during periods of hypoglycemia and hypoxia [ 17].
Pertaining to brain tissue, the ex vivo slice model offers unique advantages over other in vitro or cell-culture approaches, in that they largely preserve the tissue architecture and maintain neuronal activities with intact functional local synaptic circuits for long periods of time [ 39].
Known endogenous inhibitors of Notch activity are Numb-Nb and Numblike-Nbl, which play partially redundant functions in specifying and maintaining neuronal differentiation.
This chapter suggests that Gain modulation can remove an instability while maintaining neuronal selectivities.
These genes are part of signaling pathways important for maintaining neuronal function in the nigrostriatal pathway.
In turn, these results have generated considerable interest because a brain at or near criticality would have maximum dynamic range [7 10] enabling it to optimally react and adapt to the dynamics of the surrounding environment [5, 11] whilst maintaining balanced neuronal activity [12 14].
In summary, hippocampal organotypic cultures prepared from young adult rats maintained neuronal architecture and synaptic activity in vitro and can be used in parallel with an acute slice system to model mature brain tissue to examine ischemic pathophysiology and neuroprotective treatment.
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