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dc.description.abstract The high energetic costs of building and maintaining large brains are thought to constrain encephalization.
The high energetic costs of building and maintaining large brains are thought to constrain encephalization.
This is especially true in light of the high energetic costs of developing and maintaining large brains [ 27].
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However, despite similar relative increases in body size, early maturing sneaker males maintained larger relative brain size during ad libitum feeding levels as compared to anadromous males and females.
In order to feed and maintain these large brains, early humans' bodies had to make certain trade-offs, most evolutionary biologists agree.
Indeed, as Dr Dunbar and several other researchers have noticed, many organisations in the modern world, such as villages and infantry companies, are about this size.Living in collaborative groups certainly brings advantages, and those may well offset the expense of growing and maintaining a large brain.
The costs of growing and maintaining a large brain in migratory birds may emerge from limited time for development and the energetic costs of travelling long distances [17].
It maintains large permanent bases throughout Europe and Asia.
Under conditions of brain ischemia neurons were found to be more susceptible to damage than astrocytes, mainly because astrocytes tend to maintain large reserves of glycogen and can maintain glycolytic ATP synthesis for a considerably longer time than neurons [ 23].
Thus, it makes sense to increase the diameter of only those axons in which fast conduction velocity is really relevant, e.g. for movement detection or for maintaining dynamical properties in large brains (Buszáki et al. 2013).
They argue that large-brained females need to feed more to maintain their energetically costly large brains, and hence have more opportunity to learn the rewarded stimulus.
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